Working Paper
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Established in 1998 in Bonn, Germany, IZA is an independent, non-profit research institution supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation with a focus on the analysis of global labour markets. It operates an international network of about 1,500 economists and researchers spanning across more than 50 countries.
Based on academic excellence and an ambitious publication strategy, IZA serves as a place of communication between academic science and political practice.
The Department of International Development (DFID) leads the UK's work to end extreme poverty. We're ending the need for aid by creating jobs, unlocking the potential of girls and women and helping to save lives when humanitarian emergencies hit.
DFID is a ministerial department, supported by 2 agencies and public bodies.