Previous studies based on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Ultra-Poor Graduation (UPG) program in Bangladesh have shown that the model effectively reduces extreme poverty by providing resources and support for self-employment, enabling households to escape poverty traps and build long-term economic independence. In 2024, we conducted a follow-up survey to examine intergenerational impacts on the original program households and on children who were present at baseline in 2007, focusing on economic mobility, health, and education. While the treatment group received UPG support during 2007–2009, about 25% of control households enrolled from 2011 onward. Our findings show positive effects on economic empowerment (such as engagement in earning activities, income and savings) for the next generation, with stronger impacts for girls. These effects span girls of all ages. While impacts on years of schooling and age at marriage are limited or contrary to expectations, younger girls are significantly less likely to experience early childbearing. Improvements in access to healthcare appear to be an important mechanism alongside economic empowerment in driving this reduction. Overall, the results provide strong evidence of the persistence of program impacts across generations, particularly in improving the life trajectories of girls.
Initial Evidence on the Intergenerational Effects of the Ultra-Poor Graduation Program in Bangladesh
- Shaila Ahmed
- Shyamal Chowdhury
- Sheikh Touhidul Haque
- Imran Matin
- Munshi Sulaiman
- Robin Burgess
- Marzuk A. N. Hossain