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GLM|LIC Synthesis Paper No. 10

The Demography of the Labor Force in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

The world is projected to add 3.1 billion people to the total population and 1.4 billion people to the working-age population between 2020 and 2100. Almost all of the additional working-age people will be added in Sub-Saharan Africa, a dramatic change from previous decades, when the growth of the working-age population was concentrated in Asia. This paper analyzes the demography of the African labor force in the coming decades using the latest United Nations population projections. We show that by 2050 Africa will be the only region in the world with a growing working-age population, and will be the only region in which the ratio of dependents to working-age population is falling. These dramatic differences between Africa and other regions are the result of Africa’s later and slower fertility decline, with fertility still high in many countries. The continued growth of Africa’ working-age population creates both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, being the only region with a growing working-age population may create opportunities for investment and economic growth. On the other hand, Africa will need to produce 2 million jobs per month by 2040 to keep up with the growth of the working-age population. This will be one of the biggest challenges facing the continent in the coming decades.

GLM|LIC Synthesis Paper No. 10

The Demography of the Labor Force in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities

  • David Lam
  • Murray Leibbrandt
  • James Allen
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IZA and the UK Government Department for International Development (DFID) run the joint IZA/DFID Growth and Labour Markets in Low Income Countries Programme (GLM|LIC), which aims to improve worldwide knowledge on labour market issues in low-income countries (LICs).
Gender focus Starting in mid-2019, the focus will be on gender issues especially. The new programme “Growth, Gender and Labour Markets in Low-Income Countries” (G2LM|LIC) will foster research that aims to guide future gender and labour market policies.

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Established in 1998 in Bonn, Germany, IZA is an independent, non-profit research institution supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation with a focus on the analysis of global labour markets. It operates an international network of about 1,500 economists and researchers spanning across more than 50 countries.

Based on academic excellence and an ambitious publication strategy, IZA serves as a place of communication between academic science and political practice.

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