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Published Article

Women’s well-being during a pandemic and its containment

The COVID-19 pandemic brought the dual crises of disease and the containment policies designed to mitigate it. Yet, there is little evidence on the impacts of these policies on women in lower-income countries, where there may be limited social safety nets to absorb these shocks. We conduct a large phone survey and leverage India’s geographically varied containment policies to estimate the association between the pandemic and containment policies and measures of women’s well-being, including mental health and food security. On aggregate, the pandemic resulted in dramatic income losses, increases in food insecurity, and declines in female mental health. While potentially crucial to stem the spread of COVID-19, the greater prevalence of containment policies is associated with increased food insecurity, particularly for women, and reduced female mental health. For surveyed women, moving from zero to average containment levels is associated with a 38% increase in the likelihood of reporting more depression, a 73% increase in reporting more exhaustion, and a 44% increase in reporting more anxiety. Women whose social position may make them more vulnerable – those with daughters and those living in female-headed households – experience even larger declines in mental health.

Title Women’s well-being during a pandemic and its containment
Author
  • Natalie Bau
  • Gaurav Khanna
  • Corinne Low
  • Manisha Shah
  • Alessandra Voena
  • Sreyashi Sharmin
Published in Journal of Development Economics, 156
Publication Date 21/02/2022
Thematic AreaCOVID-19
Project Migration, Changing Residence Patterns, and Covid-19 in India
See Published Article

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Established in 1998 in Bonn, Germany, IZA is an independent, non-profit research institution supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation with a focus on the analysis of global labour markets. It operates an international network of about 1,500 economists and researchers spanning across more than 50 countries.

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